Summary of David I. Kertzer's Prisoner of the Vatican

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#1 The Pope of Rome, Pius IX, was the head of the Catholic Church. In 1848, he escaped from Rome and went to the Kingdom of Sardinia, where he hoped to establish a new Utopian Republic.

#2 In 1858, the Kingdom of Sardinia, led by King Victor Emmanuel II, attempted to conquer most of Italy and remove the Austrians from power. The pope, Pius IX, escaped Rome and went to the Kingdom of Sardinia, where he established a new Utopian Republic.

#3 The Pope of Rome, Pius IX, was the head of the Catholic Church. In 1848, he escaped from Rome and went to the Kingdom of Sardinia, where he established a new Utopian Republic. In 1858, the Kingdom of Sardinia, led by King Victor Emmanuel II, attempted to conquer most of Italy and remove the Austrians from power. The pope, Pius IX, escaped Rome and went to the Kingdom of Sardinia, where he established a new Utopian Republic. The Italian state was officially inaugurated in 1862, but many nationalists were unhappy with the king's decision to restore the pope's lands.

#4 In 1864, the Italian government agreed to get the French troops out of Rome, and in exchange, they were allowed to annex it. The pope was called to give up his lands, but he insisted on keeping the Holy City.

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كتاب إلكتروني: 9 سبتمبر 2022