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#1 The second choice is to invest in a coin toss. You will receive a 30 percent return if you get heads, but a minus 10 percent return if you get tails. This option will be referred to as Uncle Fred’s coin toss, or simply, the coin toss.

#2 The coin toss example demonstrates the difference between the average and annualized return of an asset. The average return is the average of each of the individual annual returns, while the annualized return is the return you must earn each and every year to equal the result of your series of differing annual returns.

#3 The coin toss is a convenient way to demonstrate the risks and returns of common stocks. The return of common stocks over the past 73 years has been 11. 22 percent, in the same league as the coin toss.

#4 The annualized return is the return which would be required each year to yield the same result. It is calculated by dividing the return by the number of years it took to achieve it. The average return is the average of the eight individual returns, while the return required to achieve the same result is 9. 397%.

Summary of William J. Bernstein's The Intelligent Asset Allocator

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