Let's Learn Everything!

Episodes

• 114: La Brea's Bone Count & Giant PumpkinsHow many bones are in the La Brea tar pits? And what can that teach us about life, death, and oil? And what's the point of growing giant vegetables? Well, the pure whimsy of it all, as well as some fascinating techniques and tales. Images we talk about: (Also available at https://www.letslearneverything.com/114/) Tom's Picture from La Brea 2nd Picture from La Brea Giant Tomatoes Giant Carrot Giant Zucchini Giant Pumpkin Eating Pumpkin Pumpkin Race Timestamps: (00:00:00) Intro (00:05:37) La Brea's Bone Count (00:49:35) Giant Pumpkins (01:36:04) Outro Support us with a Max Fun Membership! Join our Discord! We also learn about: Good to be back in the bone zone, how many corners does LLE have? wolf skull wall, untangling all the oil words, life uh dies, Coal Oil & Gas, crude oil has over 350 different hydrocarbons, refining oil is just separating different hydrocarbons, the official stance of the podcast is that fossil fuels are cool, hey kids - see what it was like to be in the asphalt’s deathly grip! Kids Yearn for the Tar Pits, La Brea has the bones of Tigers and Lions and Camels, I’m actually an epoch girlie, um actually it’s the La Brea Woman, it’s 10,000 years ago - women can be fossils too, predator traps and carcass domination, the oily stains on bones, fingers crossed the new museum invents new ways to confront my mortality, Summer’s Jumpret response to Michael, what’s y’alls familiarity with vegetables? I have to tell an asparagus story, perhaps Thoreau’s biggest impact was on the large vegetable world, fuck Leaves of Grass - One Big Pumpkin, big pumpkin at the Chicago World’s Fair, we’re going to need a bigger pub, it’s like very slow horse racing, it’s like a drug dealing community, the LLE ruler goes from Big to Fuck Me, seed auctions, the horror that is giant tomatoes, sorry what the fuck is the giant pumpkin common wealth, I love when a number is so preposterous it makes us angry, Ella is disappointed by carrots, pumpkins are an indeterminate plant, pumpkins are nature’s dyson sphere, auxiliary plants are so creepy, the theoretical pumpkin limit is 20,000 pounds, cheating and skullduggery, put me in a giant pumpkin and throw me in the tar pit, pumpkin regatta, I know you meant - no I meant punkin chunkin, you have to completely lack whimsy to not enjoy these guys. Sources: La Brea's History UC Berkley La Brea History Smithsonian Fossil Fuel Breakdown NHM Tar Pit Travelogue SmithsonianMag: Animals Trapped in the La Brea Tar Pits Would Take Months to Sink UC Berkley La Brea History IUGS on La Brea La Brea Camel The carnivoran fauna of Rancho La Brea: Average or aberrant? La Brea Carnivore Analysis Playback Carcass Domination Study Phys.org La Brea New York Botanical Garden: Origin of the Giant Pumpkin Youtube: Giant Veg Wiki: Giant Pumpkin BBC: Pumpkin seed bought online for £168 Thompson and Morgan: Pumpkin Payout Giant Pumpkin Commonwealth GPC: Newsletter Archive Thompson and Morgan Blog: How to Grow a Giant Pumpkin NPR: Why Vegetables Get Freakish In The Land Of The Midnight Sun BBC: How I grow my giant vegetables to break records Science News: Here’s how giant pumpkins get so big LiveScience: Why Pumpkins Can Grow So Large 2016 Paper: The making of giant pumpkins: how selective breeding changed the phloem of Cucurbita maxima from source to sink Shropshire Star: Pumpkin Controversy Blog: Beyond the Pond: Growing Giant Pumpkins BBC: What do giant veg growers eat on Christmas Day? CTV News: Henry the Polar Bear SciShow The Guardian: Help support this show and unlock bonus content! Become a member at https://maximumfun.org/joinlearn

  150|1H 44min
• 106: The Polygraph & Dentistry HistoryYou may know the polygraph is junk science, but what is the real science of lying and what wild turns did the polygraph take to get to today? And how old is dentistry? If ancient cave men didn't brush why do I have to? Well it turns out for good reason, and some fascinating dental science. ALSO SEE US LIVE IN LONDON!!! LETSLEARNEVERYTHING.COM/LIVE Images we Talk About: Mackenzie's First Polygraph Ancient Teeth Image Dentistry Tool 1 Dentistry Tool 2 Dentistry Tool 3 Dentistry Tool 4 Timestamps: (00:00:00) Intro (00:06:38) The Polygraph (01:00:33) Dentistry History (01:49:19) Outro Support us with a Max Fun Membership! Join our Discord! Go to https://surfshark.com/learneverything or use code LEARNEVERYTHING at checkout to get 4 extra months of Surfshark VPN! We also learn about: 2 truths and a lie, the jeremy kyle show, the first lie from the devil to eve (or when children first lie), the official stance of the podcast is lying is good and cool, deontic reasoning and theory of mind, flexible and explicit TOM, Ella aces the Sally-Anne test, discovering new advanced levels of lying, lying is normal for kids it’s not evil, lying is complex… but what if it wasn’t and we could just know, James Mackenzie’s original polygraph, the polygraph actually worked (just not for lying but for cardiology), sphygmomanometers, proto-feminist William Marston, back then just thinking women had a theory of mind made you a proto feminist, Tom falls down the rabbit hole of Marston’s feminism, what’s the difference between a lie you believe and the truth, Marston is the first to bring the polygraph to court in Frye vs the United States, the polygraphs turns into a one band band machine, Marston invented wonder woman and the lasso of truth, table the feminism of wonder woman another time, if corporations are people they should all go to therapy, polygraphs are still a 2 billion dollar industry, police firefighters and paramedics still take polygraphs, Caroline pre-empts the but, a polygraph is not a machine you need the interpreter, lying is useful, it’s fun to lie so who’s your favorite co-host, wow we can bond over private healthcare, dentistry asmr, tooth decay is from bacteria acid, stone age morocco acorn sweets, you can blame agriculture for cavities, fossilized plaque can give us an oral history, determining women did a job from paint in teeth, fuck I drank the paint water at least no one will know, did you say we were kissing the rats or was that my inner monologue, would you like to read the tooth worm poem? how could this possibly get to a tooth worm, most of recorded human history we believed in tooth worms, the earliest example of dentistry was a week ago, sorry it changed a week ago, an ancient beeswax filling, a 59,000 year old tooth hole, what’s a worse hyphenate than barber-surgeon, blacksmith barbers, traveling tooth pullers, so many jobs I’m glad don’t exist, a medieval dentist clown is literally someone’s worst nightmare, victorian job questionnaire, What The Eff is That, dental tools that look like weapons made in a dream, I didn’t realize until we got into this how much I hate teeth! the truth of my soul is private in Germany, Sources: The Emergence of Lying in Very Young Children Marjorie Rhodes NPR Social and Cognitive Correlates of Children's Lying Behavior Review of Theory of Mind in Chilren James Mackenzie's "The Study of the Pulse" Mark Harris' Great Wired Piece on Polygraphs Matthew Brown's Deep Dive into Marston's Feminism JAAPL Frye v. United States Cornell Law Frye Standard Harvard center for Law Brain and Behavior on the Polygraph Scientific American on Lying --- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research National Library of Medicine: Microbiology of Dental Decay and Periodontal Disease 2014 Paper: Earliest evidence for caries and exploitation of starchy plant foods in Pleistocene hunter-gatherers from Morocco SciAm: Oral Mystery: Are Agriculture and Rats Responsible for Tooth Decay? NHGRI: Digging into the past to uncover the cause of our cavities Wiki: Tooth Worm Smithsonian: 6,500-Year Old Beeswax May Be Oldest Known Dental Filling NewScientist: Oldest dental filling is found in a Stone Age tooth The Guardian: Neanderthals Used Stone Drills to Treat Cavities 59,000 Years Ago, Tooth Suggests Wiki: Barber Surgeon Bath Medical Museum: Teeth Pullers and Denture Makers 2007 Paper: The Tooth Puller 2025 Paper: Pierre Fauchard Science Museum: Dental Pelican Science Museum: Dental Pelican for Tooth Pulling Science Museum: Dental Key BBC: When Blacksmiths Were Dentists Science Museum: Dental drill Science Museum: Syringe Spear: A Brief History of Dental Anesthesia Blog: The Gruesome History of Dental Implants BBC: The Dentures Made From the Teeth of Dead Soldiers at Waterloo Science Museum: Shade Guide Blog: What Are Dentures Made Of? Dentists Act 1878 Help support this show and unlock bonus content! Become a member at https://maximumfun.org/joinlearn

  149|1H 58min
• 113: Rediscovered Organs & Bird WatchingWait, how are we rediscovering organs in 2026?? Or... are we? Well let's learn about the history and fads of the insides of our bodies! And what is bird watching, why do we all love it, and how casual and competitive can you get with it? Images we talk about: (Also available at https://www.letslearneverything.com/113/) Clay Liver Online Terminologia Anatomica Salivary Glands Bird Study Skins A Field guide to Birds Example Page Timestamps: (00:00:00) Intro (00:04:56) Rediscovered Organs (01:05:15) Bird Watching (01:50:12) Outro Support us with a Max Fun Membership! Join our Discord! We also learn about: Huh?? Mesopotamian organ divination, sheep liver phrenology models, everyone needs to talk about this, Al-Razi’s “Doubts about Galen”, the great ignorance time skip, hmm this dead body must be wrong, the dissection fad, the murder act, you don’t know Burke and Hare?? body snatching and anatomy murder, the vestigial craze, Wiedersheim’s minimal viable person, the problem of naming organs, 20 synonyms of organs, Ella goes feral over the online Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology, our 3-4, hi Dad and Ella’s mom - hope you enjoyed that clitoris joke, our 4th pair of handlebar moustache salivary glands, the interstitium getting reverse pluto’d, labelling an organ is useful but also not the full picture, gen Z loves birding, FUCK YOU JONO WE’RE DOING THE HISTORY, is paleontology birding if you’re looking at sauricia, ornithomancy, where there have been birds - we have watched birds, study skins, hey what if we looked at them alive? in 1901 Edmund Selous discovers bird empathy, “lay down the gun and take up the glasses”, POWs from WWII publishing their findings, slovenly non scientific bird watchers, it’s a hobby with no proper definition, Merline and ObsIdentify and Birder and Ebird and Rare Bird Alert and Birder’s Interface, it’s pokemon! WHO’S THAT bird, “oh my god I actually cannot do this any more”, apps aren’t perfect, twitchers, the New Jersey World Series of Birding, Big Year, the first book specifically for birding, the first big year was just some guy who wrote how many birds he saw one year and told people about it, a big year is a physical and mental trial for glory, it’s for the birds, has their love curdled or have they unlocked a true kind of love? why do we do anything at all? I do love birds but man do I love humans. Sources: NIH: Organ Definition 2024 Paper: The Most Ancient Sources of Anatomic Knowledge 2025 Paper: Galen’s Typology of Organs 2013 Paper: The Air of History (Part IV): Great Muslim Physicians Al Rhazes BBC Bitesize: Medieval Medicine Wellcome Collection: Getting Under the Skin 2011 Paper: The Study of Anatomy in England From 1700 to the Early 20th Century Book: Dissecting the Criminal Corpse: Staging Post-Execution Punishment in Early Modern England by Hurren ET, Chapter 7. Wiki: Vestigiality Britannica: Anatomy Terminologia Anatomica 2019 (TA2) Official BearBoat Terminologia Anatomica 2019 (TA2) Cleveland Clinic: Organs Wiki: List of Organs 2021 Paper: The tubarial salivary glands: A potential new organ at risk for radiotherapy Article: The tubarial salivary glands: A newly recognized organ with dental significance CORDIS: Did scientists just discover a secret organ in your head? Netherland Cancer Institute: Cancer researchers discover new salivary gland 2021 Paper: The tubarial salivary glands: A potential new organ at risk for radiotherapy Cleveland Clinic: Interstitium SciAm: Meet Your Interstitium, a Newfound "Organ" 2024 Paper: A comprehensive analysis of the tubarial glands 2018 Paper: Another new organ! is this a golden age of discovery in anatomy? BBC: Scientists just discovered the largest ever human organ – and we all have it Independant: Human brain is actually two separate organs, scientists find 2026 Paper: Two parallel neural ectoderm progenitors contribute to the developing brain 2005 Paper: Gastrulation Movements: the Logic and the Nuts and Bolts Neuroscience News: The Brain Is Two Separate Organs Joined by Evolution LiveScience: 'Useless' female organ discovered over a century ago may actually support ovaries, study finds Uni of Colorado: Rediscovering the Rete Ovarii: The “Antennae” of the Ovary 2024 Paper: Rediscovering the Rete Ovarii: the Development, Role, and Function of a Secreting Auxiliary Structure to the Ovary --- BBC: Why Gen Z Birdwatchers Are Flocking to Reserves CNN: Why Gen Z is going bonkers for birding Wikipedia: Ornithomancy Smithsonian Magazine: How Bird Collecting Evolved Into Bird-Watching My Bird Buddy: History of Bird Watching Haikubox: Evolution of Birdwatching Pitville History: Edmund Selous British Birds: Best Bird Watching Apps 10000 Birds: Can I rely on Merlin Science Base: Bird ID Apps Sussex Wildlife Trust: The Good the Bad and the Middling ID Apps Reddit: Pokemon Go is Basically Birding Reddit: Ever Wanted to Catch Em All IRL? Reddit: Why is Gen Z Suddenly Obsessed with Birdwatching Youtube: Listers New Jersey Audubon Society: World Series of Birding Wikipedia: Big Year Smithsonian Library and Archive: A Field Guide to Birds American Bird Association: Big Year Rules Audubon: The Big Year According to Birders Birding (American Birding Association): The Next Big Thing Surfbirds (Wayback Machine): Alaska, The Last Frontier Attu Island NPR: The Real Birdwatchers Behind Hollywood's 'Big Year' Help support this show and unlock bonus content! Become a member at https://maximumfun.org/joinlearn

  148|1H 54min
• 112: Life in Exclusion Zones & Every Single CharacterWhat happens to life inside exclusion zones like Chernobyl? Is it good? Bad? Or something much more interesting? And what happens when you try to codify every single character from human language? Well, it definitely leads to some fascinating linguistic rabbit holes! Images we talk about: Przewalski’s horse (yes that’s how it’s spelled) Frogs Character U+FDFD Arabic Text Decorative U+FDFD's Tom's Favorite Use of Kashida Timestamps: (00:00:00) Intro (00:03:12) Life in Exclusion Zones (01:01:48) Every Single Character (01:52:06) Outro Support us with a Max Fun Membership! Join our Discord! We also learn about: Actually defining it made it creepier, the zone rouge, we an area of Earth uninhabitable from war, chernobyl release over 100 radioactive elements, they really need to name the zone of alienation the zone of doing taxes, the liquidators actually did a good job of stopping the spread, is this a rewilding experiment? Ella deleted emails to poach this topic, Przewalski’s horse (yes that’s how it’s spelled), technically feral vs wild horses, I’ve reached the nuance center of my nuance pop, why isn’t it my job so sample chernobyl frogs, nearly all pine trees near chernobyl were wiped out, “the selective pressures of radiation”, bright birds used up their carotenoids for color, we’re doing nuclear ecological biochemistry, god that was an ugly laugh, maybe its counterintuitive for the small things - no this one sucks, the slow horror of a lack of decomposition, the ecosystem is not rewilded it’s entirely new, the Korean DMZ is like an ecological semi permeable membrane, DMZ ecology research institute, the DMZ has 40% of Korea’s endangered species, it’s a pitstop along the east asian australasian flyway, endangered cranes have bounced back in the DMZ, the DMZ crane watch, the cranes and natterjack toad require human farming to thrive, synonyms of nuance and thrive, Baarter economy standing ovation, conflictful chicken, Unicode is the ISO standard for text on computers, ASCII’s 128 characters is surely enough right? why do you have a period accurate phone? it turns out other cultures want to use the computer, there are 159,801 characters in unicode, the basic multilingual plane sounds like startrek shit and it kind of is, I mean it’s not like it has cuneiform except it does, braille unicode exists for a reason, braille doesn’t just map one to one with letters it also has contractions, contracted braille is a stenography, tweeting more in japanese, 101,996 CJK characters, Max Woolf’s Big List of Naughty Strings, after Mamdani was elected I had to learn how to pronounce the bismillah, “Bismillah is the Przewalski’s Horse of this topic”, I said we shouldn’t dive into the history of a language halfway through a topic but fuck it, LR0’s terrific Arabic typography essay, arabic script can be perfectly justified, “the justification lives inside the words”, Kashidas stretching across a map made it click for Tom, maing the bismillah beautiful, we all just want to make text look cool, the ottoman printing press ban myth, the cursed lost printed quran, oh my god is this the unifying thing, weirdly internet explorer had kashida justification for 1 year? Inshallah you find on the internet what you’re exploring for. Sources: Chernobyl Frogs Image Wikipedia: Exclusion Zones World Nuclear Association Wikipedia: Zone Rouge Explorers Web: Montserrat and its Exclusion Zone Guardian: UN Buffer Zone in Cyprus International Atomic Energy Agency: Chernobyl United Nations Development Programme: Chernobyl Recovery Development BBC Future: Chernobyl’s Wildlife Royal Society Proceedings B: The Chernobyl Exclusion Zone as a Wildlife Refuge Wikipedia: Red Forest Current Biology: Long-term Census Data Reveal Abundant Wildlife Populations at Chernobyl Science: Chernobyl Hits Birds Hard Microorganisms: Soil Microbes and Plant-Associated Microbes in Response to Radioactive Pollution The Conversation: The Mystery of Chernobyl’s Wild Horses San Diego Zoo: The Last Wild Horse Animals: Endangered Przewalski’s Horse, Equus przewalskii, Cloned from Historically Cryopreserved Cells San Diego Zoo: Birth of Cloned Przewalski’s Foal Korean Konsult: DMZ - Demilitarized Zone DMZ: The Civilian Control Line (CCL) towns of the Korean Peninsula Reuters: South Korea to Shift Civilian Restricted Line South China Morning Post: The Korean DMZ Guardian: How Wildlife is Thriving in the Korean DMZ Royal Society Notes and Records: From Warzone to Bioreserve Zooniverse: DMZ Crane Watch Biological Conservation: Winter Foraging of Threatened Cranes in the Demilitarized Zone of Korea Cultural Anthropology: Toward an Anthropology of Landmines KNews: Nature Thrives in Cyprus’ Forgotten Buffer Zone UFZ EuMon conference: Monitoring Biodiversity of the Buffer Zone in Cyprus Satoyama Initiative: The Cyprus Buffer Zone as a Socio-Ecological Landscape --- UC Berkley Unicode Overview Unicode's History Unicode on Braille RNIB Contracted Braille Buzzfeed on Japanese Tweets LR0's Incredible Arabic Type Essay Design Principles of Kashida Justification: A Unique Technique in Arabic and Persian Mapping The Lost Quran's Discovery Kathryn Schwartz's "Did Ottoman Sultans Ban Print?" Help support this show and unlock bonus content! Become a member at https://maximumfun.org/joinlearn

  147|1H 58min
• Recast: Ella on That's Absurd, Please ElaborateDue to some house woes, we're recasting Ella's excellent appearance on That's Absurd, Please Elaborate, where they actually solve a meme and invent Pee Day. Help support this show and unlock bonus content! Become a member at https://maximumfun.org/joinlearn

  146|1H 6min
• 111: Astronaut Cady Coleman, Life in Space, and What Astronauts LearnWhat does an astronaut actually learn in training? And what surprises them about having to live in space? Well, fortunately astronaut Cady Coleman is here to answer these and many more of our questions!! See us live in London! LETSLEARNEVERYTHING.COM/LIVE See Tom live in NYC! OurFindingsShow.com Images we talk about: Cady's Background Image Timestamps: (00:00:00) Intro (00:05:03) Astronaut Training and Space Life (01:10:42) Space Suits (01:23:45) Outro Support us with a Max Fun Membership! Join our Discord! We also learn about: Astronaut school, “the mission is exploration and only a part of it is human spaceflight”, the telerobotic surgery was real, living in NEEMO, Cady learned to remove a gallbladder, “what is it that I have to remember is not being simulated well?”, oh the telerobotic surgery was happening under water, it’s about sharing what you’re learning at the same time, spending 11 days underwater, bedrest studies in hawaii are actually a toll and a service, communication is key even in space, trust us space food is going to get old, not every day of training is remove 10 gallbladders, putting yourself in the picture humanizes it, which way is up? sleep flashes from cosmic rays, liquid sensors in our neck make you pee when you lie down and reduce blood volume in space, you can’t cough to hide your pee on the ISS, the future of the ISS, astronaut feet facts, Paolo and Cady’s toenail system, learning to fly in zero g, “you learn to live in 3 dimensions”, losing things in zero g sucks, CO2 buildup for the group photo, not washing clothes upset the balance, it’s all about fluid physics, “it’s all about interfaces between solids and liquids - and up in space it’s the biggest game in town”, peeing in space is easier than camping, how you determine your space order with feet, the domino effect of space suit sizes, your space suit is your space ship, IT’S LESS MATERIAL, there are people who are still waiting their turn, “how do you make sure these voices are heard when their presence is not missed?”, how to work for change collaboratively, you shouldn’t have to work so hard to participate, “oh that’s going on the website Cady”, one small step for you and one big step for democracy. Help support this show and unlock bonus content! Become a member at https://maximumfun.org/joinlearn

  145|1H 29min
• 110: Horsepower & MakeupWhat even is horsepower? Is it a silly unit of measurement, or actually an underrated marvel?? And how old is makeup? Why do we do it? And what historic looks can you steal for your next night out? What are the flaws in scientific publishing, who's responsible, and how can we fix it? ALSO SEE US LIVE IN LONDON!!! LETSLEARNEVERYTHING.COM/LIVE Images we talk about: Papyrus Image Fish Palette Patch Portrait Painting of Two Ladies Timestamps: (00:00:00) Intro (00:03:15) Horsepower (00:48:26) Makeup (01:39:07) Outro Support us with a Max Fun Membership! Join our Discord! We also learn about: I’m taking horse pills to get their powers, we can answer questions without getting klaxonned, abbreviated for french reasons, the meter is 1 ten millionth the distance from the north to south pole, I’m going to be talking about power “oh god”, power is the movement of a mass over time, you’ll notice nowhere in that definition did I mention horses, James perfects the steam engine, you can’t just say “hey this engine will get us to the industrial revoltuion” you have to sell it in horses, come up with your own unit of power dweeb, a horse can produce 15 horsepower, you’re about to have a lot more nickels, there was a metric and imperial horsepower, all the international names for hosepower, watt SI unit is on first base? the father son and the holy ghost of electronics (the amp, volt, and watt), we didn’t have a unified unit for power before horsepower, Thomas Edison measured lightbulb efficacy by horsepower, IT WASN’T AN IRONIC CHOICE IT WAS CAUSE AND EFFECT, this isn’t a podcast it’s a slumber party, Caroline and Ella’s metallic blue eyeliner/facepaint, webster’s definition is somehow too broad and too narrow, prehistoric pigemtns may have been body paint, Ella’s surprisingly informative ancient egyptian ASMR video, from kohl to green malachite, caroline hiding the sexy bits of the papyrus from us, this makes my tummy hurt, fish palettes, ancient greek prostitues were required to wear lipstick, modern man or ro-man, a woman buys lotions and perfumes with cheating in mind, Elizabeth I’s lead and vinegar makeup, painting on fake veins, plucking hairs to match the queen’s forhead, the optical illusion dot, Caroline’s favorite fad: beauty patches, it’s so wild how excluded darker complexions are in the market when this topic started in ancient egypt, perhaps makeup imitates the moment of an orgasm, im inventing new sexism: men are blurry, we finally just asked women why they wear makeup, wearing makeup because we have to vs we want to, for other or ourselves, the ro-manosphere. Sources: History of the SI Units History of Imperial Units The Fan-Tastic paper: The Origin of the Horsepower Unit James' Encyclopedia Britannica Biography Horserpower From a Horse Paper Siemen's Address for the Watt Unit Edison Papers Measuring Lightbulbs in Horsepower NOAA Lightning Stats --- Merriam Webster Makeup Definition Blog: Bodypainting Why Do We Do That? Makeup Archeology Journal: Prehistoric Body Painting- 2000 Independant: 300000 year old body art Smithsonian: Evidence of Fur and Leather Clothing, Among World’s Oldest, Found in Moroccan Cave 2017 Paper: Painted in red: In search of alternative explanations for EuropeanPalaeolithic cave art Britannica: Makeup Blog: History of Makeup Wiki: Beauty and Cosmetics in Ancient Egypt NHM Utah: Makeup in Ancient Egypt Blog: Ancient Egyptian make-up Book: Ovid on Cosmetics University of Kent: The Painful Art of Being a Roman Woman Wiki: Cosmetics in Ancient Rome The Guardian: Medieval Christian Misogyny Shapes How We Judge Women Today, Says Scholar Royal Museums Greenwich: Elizabeth I: Fashion and Beauty DMDA: You Must Get a Patch Auction Listing: Portrait of two ladies. Patch marks to their faces Wiki: Allegorical Painting of Two Ladies Smithsonian: Make-up Preston Park: The History of Victorian Makeup YouGov: One in Six Women Wear Makeup at the Gym YouGov: How Often - and why - American Women wear makeup YouGov: One in Twenty British Men Now Wear Makeup 2022 Paper: The contrasting effects of body image and self-esteem in the makeup usage Blog: Why Do We Chase The Post-O Glow? 2015 Paper: Facial coloration tracks changes in women's estradiol 2015 Paper: Cosmetics Alter Biologically-Based Factors of Beauty: Evidence from Facial Contrast ABC News: Makeup Makes Women Seem More Competent, Study Says 2024 Paper: The Influence of Makeup on Individual Self-Identity: An Exploratory Study 2016 Paper: Does make-up make you feel smarter? The “lipstick effect” extended to academic achievement Help support this show and unlock bonus content! Become a member at https://maximumfun.org/joinlearn

  144|1H 46min
• 109: Scientific PublishingWhat are the flaws in scientific publishing, who's responsible, and how can we fix it? ALSO SEE US LIVE IN LONDON!!! LETSLEARNEVERYTHING.COM/LIVE Timestamps: (00:00:00) Intro (00:02:47) Scientific Publishing Part I (00:35:57) Scientific Publishing Part II (01:13:07) Outro Support us with a Max Fun Membership! Join our Discord! We also learn about: We almost do the same grim joke, the live show will have 50% more hosts than this, before publications there were societies and books and letters, in 1665 a Henry Oldenburg of the royal society starts “Philosophical Transactions”, the longest continuous journal (ignoring the time Olderburg was put in a tower for criticizing the king), the discovery of Jupiter’s red spot and also a deformed calf, Newton’s Optics was published in Philosophical Transactions first, Science has bad SEO, the doubling time of papers is 14 years since the 1950s, Ella’s peer review process, errors can be missed and biases affected, not paying reviewers is a bug that’s labelled as a feature, government funded research can still be privately owned, we’ve all agreed “processing fee” just means bullshit, there’s some things I don’t want to be “fun”, Elsevier has a 38% profit margin while Alphabet’s is 32%, editorial resignations in protest, I’m excited to add Robert Maxwell to my Arya Stark list of people, Maxwell died on his yes-that-Ghislaine-Maxwell Yacht, the scheme to buyout scientists for their papers, cover upfront costs - own copyright - flood with new journals - reap the subscription costs, “jesus wept”, retractions are growing by about 20% each year, I’m buying Ella a dictionary so she can learn what “fun” means, fool me 239 time shame on me, paper mills, predatory journals are pay to win, the Chinese restaurant metaphor keeps staying accurate, no it’s not nature our journal is nurture, is this finally rock bottom? the public review curate model, the pros and cons of preprints, diamond open access, the nelson memo, “I think the Ghislaine Mawell death yacht is fun”. Sources: Royal Society: History of Scientific Journals Royal Society: Philosophical Transactions The Early Years Royal Society: Philosophical Transactions Issue 1 University College London: A History of Scientific Journals Philosophical Transactions A: Newton Shows the Light Royal Society Notes and Records: 350 Years of Scientific Periodicals Broad Research Communication Lab: Peer Review - a Historical Perspective Nature Humanities and Social Sciences Communications: Growth Rates of Modern Science JSTOR: The History of Peer Review is More Interesting Than You Think British Journal of Biomedical Science: The Peer Review Process: Past, Present, and Future Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine: Peer Review: A Flawed Process at the Heart of Science and Journals The Conversation: Academic Publishing is a Multibillion Dollar Industry New Scientists: Time to Break Academic Publishing’s Stranglehold on Research The Lancet: Should Peer Reviewers Be Paid? Guardian: Is the Staggeringly Profitable Business of Scientific Publishing Bad for Science? (Robert Maxwell Longread) Research Professional News: Elsevier Profit Guardian: George Monbiot on Academic Publishers Retraction Watch: Statistics and Computing Resignation Guardian: The Murky Life of Robert Maxwell Journal of the Academy of Public Health: The Rise and Fall of Scientific Journals and a Way Forward EBSCO Research: Publish or Perish Paradox University of Technology Sydney: The ‘Publish or Perish’ Mentality is Undermining Science Retraction Watch: COVID Retractions Retraction Watch: Most Cited Retraction Watch: Retractions by Nobel Prize Winners Retraction Watch: Most Retractions British Medical Journal: Boldt the Great Pretender Nato Strategic Communication Centre: Disinformation and Scholarly Communications The Conversation: Paper Mills Toxicologic Pathology: Predatory Journals: What They Are and How to Avoid Them The Lancet: Lessons From the Influx of Preprints During the Early COVID-19 Pandemic The Conversation: Diamond Open Access San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment (DORA) Help support this show and unlock bonus content! Become a member at https://maximumfun.org/joinlearn

  143|1H 18min
• 108: Quicksand and Other Childhood Worries & The Undying Game of PinballWe all thought quicksand would be a bigger deal than it is, but what is the science behind them and all the other worries I had as a kid? And how does pinball reflect the changing cultures of our time, and could now be the best era of pinball? ALSO SEE US LIVE IN LONDON!!! LETSLEARNEVERYTHING.COM/LIVE Things we Talk About: Bagatelle Redgrave's Pinball Humpty Dumpty Beat Time Lambeth & Sarceni's Amazing Pinball Talk at Magfest David Barber's Magfest Pinball Panel Technology Connection's Great Pinball Breakdown PinballMap.com Timestamps: (00:00:00) Intro (00:06:22) Quicksand and Other Childhood Worries (01:05:22) The Undying Game of Pinball (01:55:32) Outro Support us with a Max Fun Membership! Join our Discord! We also learn about: Ella’s spoon collection is much more important than our live show, the never ending story, quicksand was in 3% of in the 1960s, the problem with gen z is they’re not afraid of quicksand, quicksand is reverse oobleck (sheer-thinning), the settled sand at the bottom requires the force of lifting a car, quicksand is unfortunate physics circumstances burying you, 11th century quicksand art in the Bayeux Tapestry (also Haley’s comet), we’re less dense than quicksand so you’d float at your waist, you could listen to this podcast twice while hanging out in quicksand, Ella cried so much she couldn’t cross the piranha plank, piranha fear is President Roosevelt’s fault, you know you’re making fun of a ten year old child right now, my main takeaway was what a cogent president he was, piranhas reloading their teeth, piranhas have 10x the relative bite force to size of a crocodile, piranhas aren’t carnivores - they’re opportunistic omnivores and a skittish prey species, the cow just walking out of the piranhas, it’s like two truths and a lie but all three are true, ARE WE DOING SPIDERS GEORG, spiders have acute mechanoceptors, tarantulas aren’t just hairy for fun, debunking the Lisa Birgit Holst debunking, a 50 spiders salute for georg, Beans Britain is a statistical outlier and should not be counted, spiders georg as a stats teaching tool, spiders georg was NOT an outlier, the moment Tom and pinball fell in love, we’ve been throwing balls at pins since ancient Egypt, indoor parlor games were for the aristocracy, fixing the pins to the table with bagatelle, the depression sparked the start of pinball’s craze, evolving their legs back, truly pinball is what caused the depression, pinball was the avocado toast of the time, pinballs were literally turned into billy clubs and bullets, pinball was banned for 34 years in new york city, the historic humpty dumpty machine first gave us flippers in 1947, pinball was cooler than porn, the bootles, it’s games sex and games AGAIN - but this time it’s bad, Suzanne Ciani’s digital design for Xenon, guess the pinball cabinet from the sound, the sopranos’ profanity filter, NBA fastbreak isn’t a basketball themed pinball - you are playing basketball, Dave demonstrating a Tap Pass, pinball is the most open it’s ever been, finding cabinets is a somehow even nerdier version of birdwatching, oh nooo don’t send me pictures of pinball cabinets. Sources: 2021 Fibromyalgia Acupuncture Review Wildland Trekking: Is Quicksand Real? EBSCO: Non Newtonian Fluid Wiki: Shear Thinning Slate: The Rise and Fall of Quicksand Getty: Bayeux Tapestry Quicksand Scene BBC Future: Can Quicksand Suck You to Your Death? Nature Comms: Liquefaction of Quicksand Under Stress Europhysics News: Quicksand! National Geographic: Quicksand Greater Cleveland Aquarium: How a President Propagated a Myth Zootaxa: Molecular Systematics of Serrasalmidae Nature Scientific Reports: Extreme Jaw Forces of Living and Extinct Piranhas University of Washington News: Piranha Fish Swap Old Teeth Evolution and Development: Heterodonty and Dental Replacement in Piranhas BBC: Piranha 'less deadly than feared' Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment: Attacks on Humans by the Piranha Serrasalmus rhombeus in Suriname The Harvard Gazette: Piranha Lab BBC: Do People Really Swallow Spiders in their Sleep Snopes: Do People Swallow Eight Spiders Per Year? Scientific American: Fact or Fiction? People Swallow 8 Spiders a Year While They Sleep | Springer Nature: The Vibrational Sense of Spiders Wiki: Fried Spider r/HelloInternet Reddit: Lisa Birgit Holst Doesn't Exist Snopes: Lisa Birgit Holst Tumblr: Spiders Georg Wiki: Spiders Georg Journal of Interdisciplinary Science Topics: View of How Many Spiders Would Spiders Georg Have To Eat? Medium: The Spiders Georg Problem --- Lambeth & Sarceni's Amazing Pinball Talk at Magfest David Barber's Magfest Pinball Panel Clive Thompson for Smithsonian Mag on Pinball National Museum of American History on Pinball and Bagatelle Montague Redgrave's Pinball Patent Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science on Pinball and Gambling Technology Connection's Great Pinball Breakdown Suzanne Ciani's Audio Design for Xenon Help support this show and unlock bonus content! Become a member at https://maximumfun.org/joinlearn

  142|1H 59min
• Second London Live Show! 1pm Sunday Oct 18th!We've added a SECOND live show in London, and it's a Sunday matinee! See all the details at LetsLearnEverything.com/live Help support this show and unlock bonus content! Become a member at https://maximumfun.org/joinlearn

  141|3min