App Store

Google Play

Details page - Device banner - 894x1036

Step into an infinite world of stories

Listen and read

Medscape

Listen to Medscape InDiscussion: Chronic Kidney Disease, a podcast series where thought leaders and clinical experts share their diverse insights and practical ideas for optimizing patient care. Relevant disclosures can be found with the episode show notes on Medscape (https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/991189). The topics and discussions are planned, produced, and reviewed independently of advertisers. This podcast is intended only for US healthcare professionals.

Medscape InDiscussion: Chronic Kidney Disease

Drs Sparks and Neuen discuss the proper use of SGLT2 inhibitors to prevent chronic kidney disease, including how to start them and monitor them and their possible side effects.
 
Relevant disclosures can be found with the episode show notes on Medscape (https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/971884). The topics and discussions are planned, produced, and reviewed independently of advertiser. This podcast is intended only for US healthcare professionals.
 
Resources
 
SGLT2 Inhibitors in Primary Care: 'All Hands on Deck' for Improving Heart Failure Outcomes https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/965473
 
Canagliflozin and Cardiovascular and Renal Events in Type 2 Diabetes https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa1611925
 
Canagliflozin and Renal Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes and Nephropathy https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa1811744
 
CKD Epidemiology Collaboration CKD-EPI Consortium https://www.tuftsmedicalcenter.org/research-clinical-trials/institutes-centers-labs/chronic-kidney-disease-epidemiology-collaboration/overview
 
Effect of Finerenone on Chronic Kidney Disease Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2025845
 
Net Effects of Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter-2 Inhibition in Different Patient Groups: A Meta-Analysis of Large Placebo-Controlled Randomized Trials https://www.thelancet.com/journals/eclinm/article/PIIS2589-5370(21)00443-0/fulltext
 
EMPA-KIDNEY (The Study of Heart and Kidney Protection With Empagliflozin) https://www.empakidney.org/
 
FDA Removes Boxed Warning About Risk of Leg and Foot Amputations for the Diabetes Medicine Canagliflozin (Invokana, Invokamet, Invokamet XR) https://www.fda.gov/drugs/fda-drug-safety-podcasts/fda-removes-boxed-warning-about-risk-leg-and-foot-amputations-diabetes-medicine-canagliflozin

S1 Episode 1: Chronic Kidney Disease and SGLT2 Inhibitors: Usage, Monitoring, and Possible Side Effects

What do primary care providers need to know to improve care for people with chronic kidney disease? Drs Matthew Sparks and Ian de Boer provide key clinical takeaways that can't be ignored.
 
Relevant disclosures can be found with the episode show notes on Medscape (https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/971885). The topics and discussions are planned, produced, and reviewed independently of advertisers. This podcast is intended only for US healthcare professionals.
 
Resources
 
KDIGO 2020 Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes Management in Chronic Kidney Disease https://www.kidney-international.org/article/S0085-2538(20)30718-3/fulltext
 
KDIGO 2022 Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes Management in Chronic Kidney Disease https://kdigo.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/KDIGO-2022-Diabetes-Management-GL_Public-Review-draft_1Mar2022.pdf
 
Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors on EGFR in Type 2 Diabetic Patients—The Role of Antidiabetic and Antihypertensive Medications https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8099726/

S1 Episode 2: How to Manage Chronic Kidney Disease in Primary Care

Drs Sparks and Kumar go behind the scenes and discuss the preparation, surgery, and outcome of the pig-to-human kidney xenotransplantation at The University of Alabama.
 
Relevant disclosures can be found with the episode show notes on Medscape (https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/971886). The topics and discussions are planned, produced, and reviewed independently of advertiser. This podcast is intended only for US healthcare professionals.
 
Resources
 
The Advancing American Kidney Health Initiative https://www.kidney.org/advocacy/advancing-american-kidney-health-initiative
 
Nearly 106,000 U.S. Residents Are Waiting for a Lifesaving Transplant https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2022/05/24/organ-transplant-waiting-list-numbers/
 
UNOS Patients on the Waiting List vs. Transplants Performed by Organ (2021) https://www.organdonor.gov/learn/organ-donation-statistics/detailed-description#fig1
 
First Clinical-Grade Porcine Kidney Xenotransplant Using a Human Decedent Model https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ajt.16930
 
Mathieu Jaboulay's (1860–1913) Contribution to Xenotransplantation https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/xen.12765
 
Alexis Carrel - Biographical https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1912/carrel/biographical/
 
5 Things to Know About CRISPR https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/899354
 
Organ Donation and Transplantation Alliance https://www.organdonationalliance.org/
 
When Pigs Fly https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ajt.16963
 
C4d Staining in Renal Allograft Biopsies With Early Acute Rejection and Subsequent Clinical Outcome https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3087790/
 
Results of Two Cases of Pig-to-Human Kidney Xenotransplantation https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa2120238
 
University of Maryland School of Medicine Faculty Scientists and Clinicians Perform Historic First Successful Transplant of Porcine Heart Into Adult Human With End-stage Heart Disease https://www.medschool.umaryland.edu/news/2022/University-of-Maryland-School-of-Medicine-Faculty-Scientists-and-Clinicians-Perform-Historic-First-Successful-Transplant-of-Porcine-Heart-into-Adult-Human-with-End-Stage-Heart-Disease.html
 
Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute http://www.stiresearch.health.pitt.edu/about

S1 Episode 3: Behind the Scenes: Pig-to-Human Kidney Xenotransplantation at The University of Alabama

Join experts Drs Matthew Sparks and Dinushika Mohottige as they discuss disparities in care for individuals who have chronic kidney disease in the United States.
 
Relevant disclosures can be found with the episode show notes on Medscape (https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/971887). The topics and discussions are planned, produced, and reviewed independently of advertiser. This podcast is intended only for US healthcare professionals.
 
Resources
 
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview
 
2020 Census Illuminates Racial and Ethnic Composition of the Country https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2021/08/improved-race-ethnicity-measures-reveal-united-states-population-much-more-multiracial.html
 
Race, Ethnicity, & Kidney Disease https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/race-ethnicity
 
Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease in the United States https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/209357
 
Racial/ethnic and Socioeconomic Disparities in the Use of Newer Diabetes Medications in the Look AHEAD Study https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8920048/
 
Life Course Socioeconomic Status, Allostatic Load, and Kidney Health in Black Americans https://cjasn.asnjournals.org/content/15/3/341.long
 
Understanding African American and Non-African American eGFR Laboratory Results https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/race-and-egfr-what-controversy
 
National Kidney Foundation https://www.kidney.org/
 
American Society of Nephrology https://www.asn-online.org/
 
A Unifying Approach for GFR Estimation: Recommendations of the NKF-ASN Task Force on Reassessing the Inclusion of Race in Diagnosing Kidney Disease https://www.ajkd.org/article/S0272-63862100828-3/fulltext

S1 Episode 4: Disparities in Care: Race, Equity, and Chronic Kidney Disease in the United States

How do you talk to patients about kidney health, lifestyle risks, or a plan for transplantation? In this episode, Drs Sparks, Diamantidis, and Farouk discuss the science, current studies, and their clinical experience.
 
Relevant disclosures can be found with the episode show notes on Medscape (https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/971888). The topics and discussions are planned, produced, and reviewed independently of advertiser. This podcast is intended only for US healthcare professionals.
 
Resources
 
Kidney Transplantation https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/430128-overview
 
Kidney Transplantation https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/443490_5
 
The Advancing American Kidney Health Initiative https://www.kidney.org/advocacy/advancing-american-kidney-health-initiative
 
System Interventions to Achieve Early and Equitable Transplants (STEPS) Study https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05014256?titles=system+interventions+to+achieve+early+and+equitable+transplants&draw=2&rank=1
 
Evaluation for Kidney Transplant https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/kidney-transplant-evaluation
 
What Do Acute Kidney Injury Survivors Want to Know About Their Condition: A Qualitative Study https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9044096/

S1 Episode 5: A Chronic Kidney Disease Diagnosis: Now What?

Drs Sparks and Bansal discuss the screening and treatment for CKD as a primary care physician, including testing, cardiovascular risk, new treatments, and when to refer a patient to a nephrologist.
 
Relevant disclosures can be found with the episode show notes on Medscape (https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/971889). The topics and discussions are planned, produced, and reviewed independently of advertiser. This podcast is intended only for US healthcare professionals.
 
Resources
 
Estimated GFR Can Widely Diverge From Measured GFR https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/976533
 
Kidney Failure Risk Equation Works Without Race Adjustment https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/966313
 
The Kidney Failure Risk Equation https://kidneyfailurerisk.com/
 
Don't Routinely Stop RAS Inhibitors in Advanced Kidney Disease https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/943717
 
What Is the Role of Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists (MRAs) in the Treatment of Proteinuria? https://www.medscape.com/answers/238158-93529/what-is-the-role-of-mineralocorticoid-receptor-antagonists-mras-in-the-treatment-of-proteinuria
 
What Is the Role of SGLT2 Inhibitors in the Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)? https://www.medscape.com/answers/238798-105205/what-is-the-role-of-sglt2-inhibitors-in-the-treatment-of-chronic-kidney-disease-ckd
 
Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors: Safety Concerns https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/892957_6
 
finerenone (Rx) https://reference.medscape.com/drug/kerendia-finerenone-4000168
 
Cardiovascular Disease in Chronic Kidney Disease https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.050686

S1 Episode 6: Primary Care Screening and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease

Join experts Drs Matthew Sparks and James Matthew Luther as they discuss how and why they're using mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists to treat patients with diabetic kidney disease in their practice.
 
Relevant disclosures can be found with the episode show notes on Medscape (https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/991189). The topics and discussions are planned, produced, and reviewed independently of advertisers. This podcast is intended only for US healthcare professionals.
 
Resources
 
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview
 
Physiology, Aldosterone https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470339/
 
Angiotensin II https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499912/
 
Primary Aldosteronism https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/127080-overview
 
Epithelial Sodium Channel (ENaC) and the Control of Blood Pressure https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24721652/
 
Hypertension Treatment & Management https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/241381-treatment
 
Hypertension Medication https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/241381-medication#2
 
Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists in Diabetic Kidney Disease - Mechanistic and Therapeutic Effects https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34675379/
 
Malignant Hypertension https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/241640-overview
 
Androgenetic Alopecia https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1070167-overview
 
Effect of Finerenone on Chronic Kidney Disease Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33264825/
 
Cardiovascular Events With Finerenone in Kidney Disease and Type 2 Diabetes https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34449181/
 
Regression to the Mean https://www.britannica.com/topic/regression-to-the-mean
 
Sodium-glucose Transport Protein 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK576405/
 
Potassium Binders for Chronic Hyperkalaemia in People With Chronic Kidney Disease https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32588430/

S2 Episode 1: What's Your Approach? MRAs and Chronic Kidney Disease

Join experts Drs Matt Sparks and Dawn Caster as they discuss the complexities around the management of lupus nephritis. What tools do we have now? What is on the horizon? Tune in to find out.
 
Relevant disclosures can be found with the episode show notes on Medscape (https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/991602). The topics and discussions are planned, produced, and reviewed independently of advertisers. This podcast is intended only for US healthcare professionals.
 
Resources
 
Novel Aspects in the Pathophysiology and Diagnosis of Glomerular Diseases https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36535746/
 
Derivation and Validation of the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics Classification Criteria for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22553077
 
EULAR/ACR Classification Criteria for SLE https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31779843/
 
Sensitivity and Specificity of ANA and Anti-dsDNA in the Diagnosis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Comparison Using Control Sera Obtained From Healthy Individuals and Patients With Multiple Medical Problems https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24383972/
 
Podocyte Foot Process Effacement Precedes Albuminuria and Glomerular Hypertrophy in CD2-Associated Protein Deficient Mice https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34568396/ 
 
KDIGO 2023 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Lupus Nephritis https://kdigo.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/KDIGO-2023-Lupus-Nephritis-Guideline_Public-Review_9-Mar-2023.pdf
 
Management of Lupus Nephritis: A Systematic Literature Review Informing the 2019 Update of the Joint EULAR and European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association (EULAR/ERA-EDTA) Recommendations https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32699043/
 
Nonrenal Disease Activity Following Mycophenolate Mofetil or Intravenous Cyclophosphamide as Induction Treatment for Lupus Nephritis: Findings in a Multicenter, Prospective, Randomized, Open-Label, Parallel-Group Clinical Trial https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20039429/
 
Immunosuppressive Therapy in Lupus Nephritis: The Euro-Lupus Nephritis Trial, a Randomized Trial of Low-Dose Vs High-Dose Intravenous Cyclophosphamide https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12209517/
 
Voclosporin: A Novel Calcineurin Inhibitor for the Treatment of Lupus Nephritis https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35168373
 
Safety and Efficacy of Belimumab in Patients With Lupus Nephritis: Open-Label Extension of BLISS-LN Study https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36302567/
 
Anti-CD19 CAR T Cell Therapy for Refractory Systemic Lupus Erythematosus https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36109639/
 
Dapagliflozin in People With Chronic Kidney Disease https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37257897/
 
Empagliflozin in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36331190/

S2 Episode 2: Is It Lupus Nephritis? A Path to Diagnosis and Treatment

Experts Drs Matthew A. Sparks and Dana V. Rizk discuss the pathology, presentation, and management of IgA nephropathy. Looking for the latest on clinical trials and approved treatments? Tune in!
 
Relevant disclosures can be found with the episode show notes on Medscape (https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/991603). The topics and discussions are planned, produced, and reviewed independently of advertisers. This podcast is intended only for US healthcare professionals.
 
Resources
 
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview
 
IgA Nephropathy https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/239927-overview
 
Polycystic Kidney Disease https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/244907-overview
 
Biomarkers for IgA Nephropathy on the Basis of Multi-Hit Pathogenesis https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29740706/
 
Galactose-Deficient IgA1 as a Candidate Urinary Marker of IgA Nephropathy https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35683557/
 
Immunological Drivers of IgA Nephropathy: Exploring the Mucosa-Kidney Link https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34821031/
 
Nephrotic Syndrome https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/244631-overview
 
Podocytopathies https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32792490/
 
Minimal-Change Disease https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/243348-overview
 
IgA Vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein Purpura) https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/984105-overview
 
Sodium-Glucose Transport Protein 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK576405/
 
Dapagliflozin in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32970396/
 
Empagliflozin in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36331190/
 
A Controlled Trial of Fish Oil in IgA Nephropathy. Mayo Nephrology Collaborative Group https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7935657/
 
Fish Consumption, Omega 3 Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease. The Science and the Clinical Trials https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19326716/
 
Tonsillectomy in a European Cohort of 1,147 Patients With IgA Nephropathy https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26586175/
 
Sparsentan in Patients With IgA Nephropathy: A Prespecified Interim Analysis From a Randomised, Double-Blind, Active-Controlled Clinical Trial https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37015244/
 
Intensive Supportive Care Plus Immunosuppression in IgA Nephropathy https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26962737/
 
Effect of Oral Methylprednisolone on Clinical Outcomes in Patients With IgA Nephropathy: The TESTING Randomized Clinical Trial https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28763548/
 
Targeted-Release Budesonide Versus Placebo in Patients With IgA Nephropathy (NEFIGAN): A Double-Blind, Randomised, Placebo-Controlled Phase 2b Trial https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28363480/
 
Results From Part A of the Multi-Center, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled NefIgArd Trial, Which Evaluated Targeted-Release Formulation of Budesonide for the Treatment of Primary Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36270561/
 
Crescents and IgA Nephropathy: A Delicate Marriage https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35806856/
 
Crescentic, Proliferative IgA Nephropathy: Clinical and Histological Response to Methylprednisolone and Intravenous Cyclophosphamide https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12808169/
 
Hydroxychloroquine Inhibits Macrophage Activation and Attenuates Renal Fibrosis After Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33936063/
 
New Treatment Strategies for IgA Nephropathy: Targeting Plasma Cells as the Main Source of Pathogenic Antibodies https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35628935/

S2 Episode 3: Does Your Patient Have IgA Nephropathy?

Join Drs Matthew Sparks and Kirk Campbell as they dive into the murky waters of focal segmental glomerular sclerosis. How do you diagnose? How do you treat? Tune in to find out.
 
Relevant disclosures can be found with the episode show notes on Medscape (https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/991604). The topics and discussions are planned, produced, and reviewed independently of advertisers. This podcast is intended only for US healthcare professionals.
 
Resources
 
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238798-overview
 
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/245915-overview
 
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/240056-overview
 
Membranous Glomerulonephritis https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/239799-overview
 
Collapsing Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis in Viral Infections https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35095882/
 
Novel Treatment Paradigms: Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36644367/
 
Glomerular Diseases (GD) https://kdigo.org/guidelines/gd/
 
A Review of Podocyte Biology https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29852492/
 
APOL1 Nephropathy: From Genetics to Clinical Applications https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32616495/
 
A Study to Test BI 764198 in People With a Type of Kidney Disease Called Primary Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05213624
 
Efficacy and Safety of ACE Inhibitor and Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Therapies in Primary Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35518835/
 
Sodium-Glucose Transport Protein 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK576405/
 
Calcineurin Inhibitors in the Treatment of Primary Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis: A Protocol of Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33530282/
 
Effect of Dapagliflozin on Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease, With and Without Cardiovascular Disease https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33186054/
 
IgA Nephropathy https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/239927-overview
 
Impact of Diabetes on the Effects of Sodium Glucose Co-Transporter-2 Inhibitors on Kidney Outcomes: Collaborative Meta-Analysis of Large Placebo-Controlled Trials https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36351458/
 
African Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness) https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/228613-overview
 
Lupus Nephritis https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/330369-overview
 
Inaxaplin for Proteinuric Kidney Disease in Persons With Two APOL1 Variants https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36920755/
 
Phase 2/3 Adaptive Study of VX-147 in Adults and Adolescents With APOL1-Mediated Proteinuric Kidney Disease https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05312879
 
Antisense Oligonucleotides: An Emerging Area in Drug Discovery and Development https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32604776/
 
Janus Kinase-STAT Inhibition to Reduce APOL1 Associated Kidney Disease (JUSTICE) https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05237388
 
APOL1 Long-Term Kidney Transplantation Outcomes Network (APOLLO) (APOLLO) https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03615235
 
Nephrotic Syndrome Study Network (NEPTUNE) https://repository.niddk.nih.gov/studies/neptune/

S1 Episode 5: A Chronic Kidney Disease Diagnosis: Now What?

Listen and read

Other podcasts you might like ...