3.5
كتب واقعية
The #1 New York Times bestseller that explains why bullshit is far more dangerous than lying
One of the most salient features of our culture is that there is so much bullshit. Everyone knows this. Each of us contributes his share. But we tend to take the situation for granted. Most people are rather confident of their ability to recognize bullshit and to avoid being taken in by it. So the phenomenon has not aroused much deliberate concern. We have no clear understanding of what bullshit is, why there is so much of it, or what functions it serves. And we lack a conscientiously developed appreciation of what it means to us. In other words, as Harry Frankfurt writes, "we have no theory."
Frankfurt, one of the world's most influential moral philosophers, attempts to build such a theory here. With his characteristic combination of philosophical acuity, psychological insight, and wry humor, Frankfurt proceeds by exploring how bullshit and the related concept of humbug are distinct from lying. He argues that bullshitters misrepresent themselves to their audience not as liars do, that is, by deliberately making false claims about what is true. In fact, bullshit need not be untrue at all.
Rather, bullshitters seek to convey a certain impression of themselves without being concerned about whether anything at all is true. They quietly change the rules governing their end of the conversation so that claims about truth and falsity are irrelevant. Frankfurt concludes that although bullshit can take many innocent forms, excessive indulgence in it can eventually undermine the practitioner's capacity to tell the truth in a way that lying does not. Liars at least acknowledge that it matters what is true. By virtue of this, Frankfurt writes, bullshit is a greater enemy of the truth than lies are.
© 2008 Recorded Books, Inc. (دفتر الصوت
): 9781436101028
© 2009 Princeton University Press (كتاب
): 9781400826537
تاريخ الإصدار
دفتر الصوت
: 10 مارس 2008
كتاب
: 10 يناير 2009
3.5
كتب واقعية
The #1 New York Times bestseller that explains why bullshit is far more dangerous than lying
One of the most salient features of our culture is that there is so much bullshit. Everyone knows this. Each of us contributes his share. But we tend to take the situation for granted. Most people are rather confident of their ability to recognize bullshit and to avoid being taken in by it. So the phenomenon has not aroused much deliberate concern. We have no clear understanding of what bullshit is, why there is so much of it, or what functions it serves. And we lack a conscientiously developed appreciation of what it means to us. In other words, as Harry Frankfurt writes, "we have no theory."
Frankfurt, one of the world's most influential moral philosophers, attempts to build such a theory here. With his characteristic combination of philosophical acuity, psychological insight, and wry humor, Frankfurt proceeds by exploring how bullshit and the related concept of humbug are distinct from lying. He argues that bullshitters misrepresent themselves to their audience not as liars do, that is, by deliberately making false claims about what is true. In fact, bullshit need not be untrue at all.
Rather, bullshitters seek to convey a certain impression of themselves without being concerned about whether anything at all is true. They quietly change the rules governing their end of the conversation so that claims about truth and falsity are irrelevant. Frankfurt concludes that although bullshit can take many innocent forms, excessive indulgence in it can eventually undermine the practitioner's capacity to tell the truth in a way that lying does not. Liars at least acknowledge that it matters what is true. By virtue of this, Frankfurt writes, bullshit is a greater enemy of the truth than lies are.
© 2008 Recorded Books, Inc. (دفتر الصوت
): 9781436101028
© 2009 Princeton University Press (كتاب
): 9781400826537
تاريخ الإصدار
دفتر الصوت
: 10 مارس 2008
كتاب
: 10 يناير 2009
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4 يوليو 2022
الهراء .. موضوع مهم يتحدث عنه أستاذ الفلسفة الأخلاقية هاري فرانكفورت في هذا الكتاب القصير. فالهراء كلام بلا مضمون ولا معنى، مجرد كلام (مأخوذ خيره) يهدف لإقناع الآخرين بلا دليل حقيقي. الكذب يختلف عن الهراء. فالكاذب هدفه إخفاء الحقيقة، أما الهرار - إذا صح التعبير - فلا يهتم بصدق أو كذب ما يقوله بقدر سعيه لإقناع الطرف الآخر بما يقوله مع استخدام فنون الاحتيال والمغالطات المنطقية. وبطبيعة الحال تزداد وسائل التواصل وأدوات الإعلام في وقتنا الحاضر، ويزداد بالتأكيد كمية الهراء المقروء والمسموع والمرئي، هذه الوسائل رغم أهميتها صارت تفتح الباب على مصراعيه لكل من هب ودب لكي يفتي وينصح في مسائل العلوم الدينية والدنيوية، فالكل صار طبيب والكل صار مصلح اجتماعي والكل صار متخصص في علوم الطاقة والكل يفهم في السياسية وهكذا (انشر تؤجر). لأنه ببساطة الكل لديه الفرصة للتحدث بما يشاء لمن يشاء (مع محظورات وخطوط حمراء محددة بالطبع) وبالتالي صار السعي إلى المعرفة الحقيقة صعبا لأنها مخفية وراء كم هائل من المعلومات الزائفة أي الهراء. كان التحدي في السابق هو الحصول على المعلومة نظرا لندرة الكتب وقلة مصادر الإعلام،
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