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Meditation & Mental Fitness Training

FitMind: Neuroscience

Expert insights on the science of mental fitness. Topics include psychology, neuroscience, mental health, mindfulness meditation, productivity, brain technologies, Stoicism, happiness hacking, and more. 

Liam McClintock, the Founder of FitMind, talks with leaders in their fields, from neuroscientists and psychologists to Buddhist monks and professional athletes. 

At FitMind, we believe that the next great human frontier is the mind. FitMind combines ancient techniques with western psychology to provide mental fitness training that is taught at Fortune 500 companies, addiction centers, schools, government organizations, and on the FitMind meditation app.

Liam McClintock received a B.A. from Yale and worked in finance before traveling to Asia to study meditation full-time. He is currently completing an MS in Applied Neuroscience at King’s College London. Liam is an RYS Certified Yoga & Meditation Instructor and has trained in various meditation styles. He has been featured in Time, Vice, Daily Mail, Cosmopolitan, NBC, and Men’s Health.

The FitMind Podcast: Mental Fitness, Neuroscience & Psychology

Cognitive scientist Dr. Therese Huston joins The FitMind Podcast to share practical, research-backed ways to sharpen focus, lower stress, and keep the brain healthy at any age. Drawing from decades of neuroscience, she explains why multitasking quietly erodes attention and memory and what to do instead.
 
We explore simple, realistic habits that help your mind function at its best: 20-minute single-task blocks, 40 Hz binaural beats for deep focus, and a brief 5-2-7 breathing technique that can quickly calm the nervous system. Dr. Huston also highlights how aerobic movement, dance, and social connection drive neurogenesis and long-term brain vitality.
 
If you’ve ever felt scattered, stressed, or mentally drained, this episode offers grounded science and clear tools for regaining clarity and calm in daily life.
 
 
 
FitMind Neuroscience-Based App: http://bit.ly/afitmind
 
Website: www.fitmind.org
 
SHOW NOTES
 
00:00 | Intro to Dr. Therese Huston
 

 07:45 | Wellness overwhelm and how she filters research into usable habits
 

 10:06 | Why “practical” matters more than trendy protocols
 

 12:20 | The multitasking myth: short-term mood boost, long-term costs
 

 17:09 | Live demo: single-tasking vs alternating tasks
 

 19:40 | Errors, brain activity, and stress during multitasking
 

 21:51 | Escaping the multitasking loop with timers and clear agreements
 

 24:30 | Focus tools: how to use 40 Hz binaural beats
 

 28:47 | Why multitasking feels productive and how to reframe arousal
 

 32:33 | Before a talk: “excited, not anxious” and stress-as-fuel
 

 36:03 | Guided 5-2-7 breathing and what it does in the body
 

 41:18 | CO₂, vagus nerve, and decision quality after breath cycles
 

 43:19 | Rethinking “amygdala hijack” and protecting prefrontal control
 

 48:18 | BDNF, neurogenesis, and an aerobic exercise target for memory
 

 51:24 | Dance, social connection, and brain longevity
 

 52:53 | Quick fire: myths to ditch and personal focus resets
 

 54:45 | Exercise snacks and team culture ideas

#106: Multitasking Myths, Focus & Real-World Brain Health - Therese Huston, PhD

World champion freediver Will Trubridge explores the depths of the mind and ocean, sharing mental techniques honed through decades of extreme performance.
 
In this episode, he explains how breathwork, mindfulness, and what he calls the “mental immune system” can help us face fear, build resilience, and expand awareness.
 
Discover how lessons from the deep sea translate into a healthier, more conscious life on land.
 
FitMind Neuroscience-Based App: http://bit.ly/afitmind
 
Website: www.fitmind.org
 
SHOW NOTES
 
00:00 | Intro to Will Trubridge
 
01:21 | Will’s Background & Early Freediving
 
04:59 | Role of Breathwork
 
09:43 | Physiological Adaptations Underwater
 
14:16 | Overcoming Fear and Mental Barriers
 
19:41 | Consciousness in Freediving
 
26:23 | Parallels to Meditation
 
31:59 | Limits of the Mind
 
39:56 | The Mental Immune System
 
43:59 | Practical Mental Techniques
 
50:26 | Applying Freediving Lessons to Life
 
54:53 | Science of Freediving
 
1:01:31 | Mind-Body Connection
 
1:09:41 | Awareness Training & Breathwork Exercises
 
1:14:59 | Closing Insights
 
Website: https://www.williamtrubridge.com
 
Mental Immune System: https://mentalimmunesystem.com

#105: Freediving & Mental Mastery - Will Trubridge

Can cells outside the brain learn, remember, and make decisions?
 
In this episode, neuroscientist Dr. Nikolay Kukushkin shares groundbreaking research that shows even non-neuronal cells can recognize patterns, count, and store information in ways strikingly similar to brain cells.
 
We explore:
 
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Why memory may not be limited to the brain
 • 
 • 

What sea slugs can teach us about human cognition
 • 
 • 

How prediction and perception shape our sense of self
 • 
 • 

The parallels between AI and biological intelligence
 • 
 • 

Whether trauma could be “stored” in cells outside the nervous system
 • 
 
Dr. Kukushkin's work suggests we rethink intelligence, not as something exclusive to the brain, but as a fundamental property of life.
 
FitMind Neuroscience-Based App: http://bit.ly/afitmind
 
Website: www.fitmind.org
 
 
 
SHOW NOTES
 
0:00 | Intro to Nikolay Kukushkin, PhD
 
5:10 | Memory in Seaslugs
 
10:25 | Cells Can Recognize Patterns
 
20:28 | Memory Defined
 
23:02 | Do Cells Store Trauma?
 
30:40 | Treatment for Neurological Conditions
 
38:40 | Brain & Memory Connection
 
42:25 | Optimal Interval for Superior Memory
 
44:52 | Layering of Predictions
 
50:35 | AI Inspired by Neuronal Behavior
 
52:27 | Cellular Cognition & Memory
 
54:47 | Intelligence of Non-Brain Cells
 
58:38 | Consciousness in Microtubules
 
1:06:15 | Where to Follow His Work
 
Website: https://www.nikolaykukushkin.com
 
One Hand Clapping Book: https://www.nikolaykukushkin.com/press-1
 
Follow on X: https://x.com/niko_kukushkin

#104: Intelligence Beyond the Brain - Nikolay Kukushkin, PhD

Dr. Iain McGilchrist, a psychiatrist, philosopher, and author, joins the FitMind Podcast to explain how the brain’s two hemispheres shape our perception, attention, and consciousness. He explores how the left brain’s dominance in modern culture leads to a fragmented, analytical worldview, while the right hemisphere offers a more connected, meaningful experience of reality.
 
We discuss the moral and spiritual dimensions of attention, the limits of language, the nature of consciousness and the self, and how walking supports fluid thinking. McGilchrist also shares insights from his recent work with biologist Mike Levin on emergence and form.
 
This episode combines neuroscience, philosophy, and spirituality, inviting a shift toward a more balanced and integrated perspective on the world.
 
FitMind Neuroscience-Based App: http://bit.ly/afitmind
 
Website: www.fitmind.org
 
 
 
SHOW NOTES
 
0:00 | Intro to Iain McGilchrist
 
2:09 | Attention in Left & Right Brain
 
17:00 | How the Left Brain Came to Dominate
 
19:08 | Brain Hemispheres & Happiness
 
25:25 | Why Right Brain is the True Master
 
34:30 | Great Truths
 
35:19 | Morality of Attention
 
41:44 | Explaining Sacred
 
45:12 | Shortcomings of Language
 
51:28 | Distinct vs. Divided
 
56:20 | Balancing Brain Hemispheres
 
1:06:31 | Sense of Self & Relations
 
1:12:15 | Mirror Neurons
 
1:14:32 | Walking for Fluidity of Thought
 
1:23:34 | Consciousness Theory
 
1:31:07 | Water Analogy
 
1:35:52 | Work with Mike Levin
 
1:46:22 | Where to Follow His Work
 
Substack: https://iainmcgilchrist.substack.com/
 
Website: https://channelmcgilchrist.com

#103: The Divided Brain, Attention & Meaning - Iain McGilchrist

Psychologist and leading self-compassion researcher Dr. Kristin Neff shares how treating yourself with kindness, especially in moments of failure, can boost motivation, resilience, and mental health.
 
We explore the science behind self-compassion, its impact on performance and emotional regulation, and how to shift from self-criticism to a more constructive inner voice.
 
 
 
FitMind Neuroscience-Based App: http://bit.ly/afitmind
 
Website: www.fitmind.org
 
 
 
Show Notes
 
0:00 | Intro to Dr. Kristin Neff
 
3:52 | Compassion vs. Empathy
 
8:12 | 3 Core Components of Self-Compassion
 
13:52 | Role of Personal Responsibility 
 
16:52 | Healthier Alternative to Self-Esteem
 
20:07 | Common Misconceptions
 
23:16 | Learning, Flow & Performance 
 
28:32 | How Self-Compassion Impacts Others
 
31:40 | Physical Touch
 
33:42 | Depression, Anxiety & Grief
 
41:14 | Steps to Cultivate Self-Compassion
 
46:00 | Self-Compassion Break (Exercise) 
 
55:13 | Forgiveness
 
1:01:06 | Taking Action 
 
1:02:48 | Explore more resources from Dr. Neff at 🔗 self-compassion.org

#102: The Science of Self-Compassion - Kristin Neff, PhD

Tai Chi master and filmmaker George Thompson shares how movement became a form of meditation and a path to healing.
 
From training with a Taoist monk in the mountains to recovering from a knee injury using only internal awareness, George explores how mindful movement can transform our thoughts, breath, and daily lives. 
 
We discuss:
 
 • How Tai Chi helped him heal chronic pain
 • Breath and body awareness as daily meditation 
 • Taoist perspectives on the universe and emptiness
 • Internal Family Systems and labeling your inner “parts”
 • Why facing life’s challenges with integrity is the real practice
 
 
 
FitMind Neuroscience-Based App: http://bit.ly/afitmind
 
Website: www.fitmind.org
 
 
 
Show Notes
 
0:00 | Intro to George Thompson
 
9:58 | Meeting Master Gu
 
12:56 | Tai Chi Training
 
15:45 | Healing Knee Pain
 
20:12 | Breath Awareness Exercise
 
22:09 | How Taichi Transforms Thought
 
29:40 | Emptiness Described
 
34:10 | Taoist Origin Story of the Universe
 
38:26 | Patterns
 
41:55 | Daily Practices
 
47:58 Breathwork Practices
 
50:04 | Applying Daily Mindfulness
 
56:10 | Internal Family Systems - Labeling Parts
 
57:47 | Documentary Message & Inspiration
 
1:01:02 | Consciousness
 
1:10:00 | Facing Challenges
 
1:15:33 | Life of Service & Integrity
 
1:21:25 | Where to Find More on George
 
🎥 Watch George’s documentary “The Subtle Art of Losing Yourself” here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9KArWcMldPM
 
🌿 Learn more about George’s retreats and teachings: https://www.balanceispossible.com/ & https://www.taoistwellness.online/

#101: Movement as Meditation - George Thompson

In this episode, neuroscientist and clinical researcher Dr. Justin Feinstein discusses the fascinating science and therapeutic potential of flotation therapy.
 
Often misunderstood and mislabeled as “sensory deprivation,” Dr. Feinstein explains why this is a misnomer and what’s truly happening inside the float tank. Instead of depriving the senses, floating creates an environment of deep physical and mental rest, allowing the nervous system to reset.
 
We explore Dr. Feinstein’s pioneering research on using float therapy to help individuals with PTSD and high anxiety sensitivity. He also shares insights into how flotation therapy could become a valuable tool in the public health system, especially for trauma survivors and people with severe anxiety.
 
Dr. Feinstein highlights compelling case studies, including patients with anorexia nervosa who experienced meaningful relief through floating, as well as its growing popularity among high-performing athletes looking to optimize recovery and mental performance.
 
Whether you’re new to flotation therapy or familiar with the practice, this conversation reveals its untapped potential and emerging role in both mental health and peak performance.
 
 
 
FitMind Neuroscience-Based App: http://bit.ly/afitmind
 
Website: www.fitmind.org
 
 
 
Show Notes
 
0:00 | Intro to Justin Feinstein, PhD
 
2:55 | Floating & PTSD treatment 
 
18:02 | More Stress, More Effective Floating
 
20:02 | Anxious People's Struggle With Meditation
 
31:58 | High Anxiety Sensitivity 
 
43:41 | Peak Performance Through Flotation
 
47:12 | How Long Benefits of Floating Last
 
52:29 | Floating & Meditation
 
54:31 | Out-of-Body Experiences 
 
58:03 | Anorexia Nervosa & Floating
 
1:01:40 | Effects on Nervous System
 
1:04:07 | Altered States & Brainwaves in the Tank
 
1:19:26 | Importance of Early Intervention
 
1:24:17 | Respiration
 
1:27:30 | Links: https://www.mauicalm.org/, https://www.clinicalfloat.org/, https://www.linkedin.com/in/justin-feinstein/

#100: Float Therapy: Science, Healing & Peak Performance - Justin Feinstein, PhD

This episode features Dr. Philippe Douyon, a board-certified neurologist specializing in neuroplasticity, brain health, and cognitive resilience.
 
We discuss the brain’s ability to adapt and reorganize, challenging misconceptions like the belief that cognitive change is limited to early life. 
 
Dr. Douyon explains how inherited mindsets shape thought patterns and how intentional habits can rewire the brain for better cognitive function.
 
Key strategies for brain health, including diet, fasting, exercise, and lifelong learning, are explored, along with neurodegenerative disorders and the effects of chronic stress.
 
Practical approaches to mental fitness and stress management highlight how individuals can enhance cognitive resilience and take control of their brain health.
 
 
 
FitMind Neuroscience-Based App: http://bit.ly/afitmind
 
Website: www.fitmind.org
 
 
 
Show Notes
 
0:00 | Introduction to Dr. Philipe Douyon
 
4:18 | Neuroplasticity Explained
 
6:00 | Myths About Neuroplasticity
 
10:01 | Inherited Mindset 
 
12:13 | Taking Charge of Your Brain
 
15:21 | Lifestyle Changes for Brain Health
 
23:50 | Fasting
 
26:55 | Diet
 
30:13 | Life-Long Learning 
 
38:36 | Neurological Disorders: Strokes & Dementia
 
42:32 | Pseudo-Dementia
 
46:26 | Flow States
 
48:47 | Benefit of Learning New Things
 
53:55 | Role of Emotions
 
56:22 | Chronic Stress Management
 
1:06:41 | Rapid Fire Questions

#99: Neuroplasticity: The Brain's Superpower - Philippe Douyon, MD

In this episode, psychologist Adam Dorsay, PsyD, explores the importance of human connection and its impact on well-being. He introduces the four types of connection and examines their role in resilience and life satisfaction.
 
The discussion highlights the science behind relationships, the role of vulnerability in building meaningful bonds, and the value of awe in deepening connections. Dr. Dorsay provides practical insights for fostering connection in personal relationships, work, and the natural world, offering strategies to enhance purpose and well-being.
 
 
 
FitMind Neuroscience-Based App: http://bit.ly/afitmind
 
Website: www.fitmind.org
 
 
 
Show Notes
 
0:00 | Introduction to Dr. Adam Dorsay
 
1:45 | 4 Types of Connection
 
10:02 | Neuroscience of Connection
 
21:09 | How to “Know Thyself”
 
25:44 | Vulnerability & Courage
 
29:24 | Connection to the World
 
39:50 | Amazement & Awe
 
49:00 | Connect to Your Work
 
59:59 | Effective Communication Strategy

#98: The Science of Connection - Adam Dorsay, PsyD

In this episode, Dr. Shamil Chandaria, an expert in consciousness, neuroscience, and AI, shares insights from his work on human experience and the intersection of technology and well-being.
 
He discusses the Bayesian brain theory and the free energy principle, explaining how the brain constructs reality by predicting and updating perceptions to reduce uncertainty and surprise.
 
Chandaria also explores how meditation helps break habitual thought patterns, offering a deeper awareness of how the brain shapes our experience and revealing profound insights into consciousness.
 
FitMind Neuroscience-Based App: http://bit.ly/afitmind
 
Website: www.fitmind.org
 
 
 
Show Notes
 
0:00 | Introduction to Dr. Shamil Chandaria
 
3:38 | Spiritual Awakening in Human Flourishing
 
4:31 | How the Brain Predicts Reality - Bayesian Brain Explained
 
9:26 | AI & the Human Brain
 
21:33 | Free Energy Principle in Wellbeing
 
37:30 | Befriending Difficult Emotions
 
43:30 | Boundless Awareness
 
54:00 | Effortless Action
 
57:17 | Psychedelics & Bayesian Brain
 
1:07:29 | Default Mode Network & Predictive Processing
 
1:13:12 | Gamma Brain Waves in Long-Term Meditators Research

#97: Predictive Processing & Ultimate Well-Being - Shamil Chandaria, PhD

Dr. Ash Sangoram is a neuroscientist, neonatologist, former assistant Stanford Golf coach, and the founder of GoaLoGolf, an elite performance training company.
 
Ash trained under two National Academy of Science neuroscientists and implemented this understanding of the brain into his golf practice to drop his handicap by 15 points while rehabilitating from a spinal cord injury.
 
Ash is also an experience insight meditation practitioner, and he is currently working on bringing neuroscience and meditation principles into the Stanford golf program. Ash believes that meditation and elite athletic performance are inextricably linked, with neuroscience providing the glue that grounds how to go about practicing for elite performance.
 
This is a wide-ranging conversation on how the mind works and how to optimize it.
 
FitMind Neuroscience-Based App: http://bit.ly/afitmind
 Website: www.fitmind.com

#32: Neuroscience, Meditation & Elite Performance - Ash Sangoram, MD, PhD

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