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BBC Radio 4

Hannah Fry and Dara Ó Briain tackle listeners' conundrums with the power of science!

The Curious Cases of Rutherford & Fry

It has been said that you can't start a fire without a spark, but as Hannah and Dara are about to discover, that's not true!

Welcome to the fiery phenomenon of spontaneous combustion, when something can ignite all on its own: no matches, no sparks, no external flame. It happens when certain materials heat themselves up internally through chemical or biological reactions, and if that carried on unchecked and the material gets hot enough, it can eventually ignite itself.

This process can occur in various everyday items such as piles of hay or grass clippings, oily rags and in certain instances lithium batteries; but there are also several useful chemical substances that autoignite when they come into contact with air - as Hannah, Dara and a wary BBC fire officer witness in the studio...

So how can we stop things regularly bursting into flames? How scared should we be about oiling floorboards and our increasingly battery-powered life? And is spontaneous human combustion really a thing? Our investigators are on the case. 

To submit your question to the Curious Cases team, please email: curiouscases@bbc.co.uk

Contributors:
- Andrea Sella, Professor of inorganic chemistry at University College London
- Emanuel ‘Big Manny’ Wallace, former science teacher now a science content creator
- Matt Oakley, fire investigations officer at Surrey Fire and Rescue Service
- Roger Byard, Emeritus Professor of pathology at the University of Adelaide and a senior specialist forensic pathologist at Forensic Science SA (FSSA)

Producer: Lucy Taylor
Executive Producer: Alexandra Feachem

A BBC Studios Production

We Didn't Start the Fire

Are you a lucky person? Do the cards just fall well for you? Whether it's always finding a parking spot when you need one or chance encounters that change your life's trajectory for the better, some people seem to have more luck than others. Hannah and Dara explore the world of probability and psychology to figure out if some people are luckier than others, and if there's anything we can do to turn things around. 

You can send your everyday mysteries for the team to investigate to: curiouscases@bbc.co.uk

Contributors
David Spiegelhalter - Emeritus Professor of Statistics in the Centre for Mathematical Sciences at the University of Cambridge 
Richard Wiseman - Professor of the Public Understanding of Psychology University of Hertfordshire 
Maia Young - Professor of Organization and Management at UC Irvine, California US 
Edward Oldfield 

Producer: Emily Bird
Executive Producer: Sasha Feachem
A BBC Studios Production

Just My Luck

It turns out that the whole world wobbles. Everything has a natural frequency - the rate at which it moves when disturbed - be it a cup of tea, a building or a human organ.

Even more incredibly, if an external force matches an object's natural frequency, it causes it to absorb that energy and vibrate with increasingly large waves; and that can have consequences, from helping a spider find its lunch to making a bridge collapse. 

On the trail of good and bad vibes and everything in between, Hannah and Dara investigate whether the famous 1940 collapse of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge in the USA was really down to resonance, explore examples of resonance in nature, and find out what this mysterious vibration can do to the human body: from the pressures of repetitive tractor-driving, to absorbing the reverberations of certain instruments...

To submit your question to the Curious Cases team, please email: curiouscases@bbc.co.uk

Contributors:
- Helen Czerski, Professor of Physics at University College London
- Wanda Lewis, Emeritus Professor of Civil Engineering at Warwick University 
- Phillip Moxley, Senior Research Associate at the University of Southampton
- Sana Bokhari, sound therapy practitioner

Producers: Lucy Taylor & Emily Bird
Executive Producer: Alexandra Feachem

A BBC Studios Audio Production

Good Vibrations?

We can all picture a crab, but did you know that nature has reinvented those claw clicking, sideways scuttling crustaceans at least five separate times? In recent years the internet has run wild with the idea that crabs are the ultimate life-form, and that even humans might one day end up with pincers too. But is there any truth behind the memes? Hannah and Dara scale the tangled tree of life and tackle taxonomy to figure out if ‘crab’ really is evolution’s favourite shape. Exploring coconut to spanner, ghost to hermit, soldier to spider they learn how to tell the ‘true’ crabs from the impostors.

You can send your everyday mysteries for the team to investigate to: curiouscases@bbc.co.uk 

Contributors
Dr Joanna Wolfe – Evolutionary Biologist, Harvard University and UC Santa Barbara
Professor Matthew Wills - Professor of Evolutionary Paleobiology, University of Bath
Ned Suesat-Williams – Director of the Crab Museum, Margate

Producer: Emily Bird
Executive Producer: Sasha Feachem
A BBC Studios Production

To Crab, or Not to Crab?

Hannah Fry and Dara Ó Briain return to Curious Cases HQ for a brand-new series. And curios, there’s a lot to unpack! Coming soon to BBC Sounds.

Coming soon... a brand new series of Curious Cases

The term 'bird brain' might suggest our feathered friends are stupid, but Hannah and Dara learn it's completely untrue. They play hide and seek with a raven called Bran, and hear how his behaviour changes depending on his mood. Corvid expert Nicola Clayton explains these creatures are actually cleverer than the average 8-year-old, and can learn how to choose specific tools for different scenarios. And neurobiologist Andreas Nieder tells them that while crows evolved totally different brains from humans - 300,000 years apart - they might just be capable of the same type of intelligence. 

Contributors: 

Bran the raven 
Lloyd Buck, bird handler 
Professor Nicky Clayton, University of Cambridge 
Professor Andreas Nieder, University of Tubingen 

Producer: Marijke Peters 
Executive Producer: Alexandra Feachem 

A BBC Studios Audio Production

Clever Crows

Could you ever trade memories with someone else? Fancy downloading the experience of landing on the moon, winning an Oscar or performing at Glastonbury? Listener Adam wants to know, and Hannah Fry and Dara Ó Briain are on the case.

With expert insights from Professor Chris French and Professor Amy Milton, they dive into the mind’s tendency to blur the lines between reality and imagination - often embellishing, distorting, or downright making stuff up.

Discover how memory conformity makes us “see” things like spoons being bent by paranormal forces, how scientists can implant artificial memories in mice, and hear Al Hopwood’s hilariously vivid tales of things that definitely never happened. Chris even spills the secrets of how to deliberately plant false memories in others (don’t try this at home!).

From rewiring trauma to curing phobias, the potential of memory manipulation is both exciting and unnervingly sci-fi. Prepare to question everything you think you remember.

Contributors:

Amy Milton - Professor of Behavioural Neuroscience at the University of Cambridge
Chris French - Professor of Anomalistic Psychology at Goldsmiths University 
Al Hopwood - Artist, writer and curator 

Producer: Ilan Goodman
Executive Producer: Alexandra Feachem
A BBC Studios Audio Production

Memory Swap

Can you slow down time by hurtling through space at breakneck speed? Could listener Saskia’s friend - currently one year older - end up the same age as her if he went fast enough? It sounds bananas, but it’s all part of Einstein’s mind-warping theory of relativity.

With expert copilots Professor Sean Carroll and Dr. Katie Clough, Hannah Fry and Dara Ó Briain embark on a cosmic roller coaster through space and time. They uncover why GPS satellites - whizzing around Earth at 14,000 km/h - need to account for time bending, why penthouse dwellers age faster than those on the ground floor, and, most importantly, why clowns on trains might just hold the key to understanding modern physics.

Contributors:

Katy Clough - Research Fellow at Queen Mary University of London
Sean Carroll - Professor of Natural Philosophy at Johns Hopkins University
Peter Buist - Manager of the Galileo Reference Centre
Richard Dyer - PhD student at the University of Cambridge

Producer: Ilan Goodman
Executive Producer: Alexandra Feachem
A BBC Studios Audio Production

Clowns in Spacetime

How big can animals really get before they collapse under their own weight or run out of snacks? Could a 12-foot comedian survive their first punchline without snapping in half? Listener Andrew sends Hannah and Dara on a deep dive into the science of supersized species.

With evolutionary biologists Ben Garrod and Tori Herridge as their guides, they explore the quirky rules of scaling: why giant bones need air pockets, how pressure stockings aren’t just stylish but essential, and why massive creatures have to choose between inefficient chewing or letting dinner ferment in their cavernous stomachs.

Discover why scaling up a mouse would turn it into a blood-boiling disaster and learn the curious logic behind whether the meat bear should eat the two meat dogs, or vice versa (it’s a maths thing…you’ll have to listen). Oh, and here’s the weird constant: whether you’re a mouse or an elephant, everyone takes roughly the same time to pee!

Join Hannah and Dara for a colossal romp through the wild world of ancient giants and the gross super blobs of the (possible) future. 

Contributors:

Tori Herridge - Senior Lecturer in evolutionary biology at the University of Sheffield
Ben Garrod - Professor of Evolutionary Biology and Science Engagement at the University of East Anglia
Martin Sander - Professor of Palaeontology at the University of Bonn

Producer: Ilan Goodman
Executive Producer: Alexandra Feachem
A BBC Studios Audio Production

Colossal Creatures

Think of a shark and you'll probably conjure up images of Jaws, but it turns out their skin is also covered in tiny teeth. Hannah and Dara investigate the incredible properties of these so-called dermal denticles, to find out whether they could be replicated at a nanoscale to increase vehicle speeds. They learn that while sharks might look like they have beautifully sleek surfaces, up close their skin is covered in something extremely rough and textured, a property that helps them swim up to 12 percent faster. And it's already inspiring airlines to design ultra-thin films that can reduce drag and increase efficiency.

Contributors

Dr Jess Wade
Professor Manish Tiwari

Producer: Marijke Peters
Executive Producer: Sasha Feachem

A BBC Studios Audio Production

Nano Sharks

If there’s one type of discharge you really want to avoid, it’s lightning, but what happens when it hits you?

We hear from lightning survivor Kerry Evans, and discover that the best place to shelter – if you ever find yourself in a similarly charged storm – is in a car, or low to the ground. And why this is never a good time to take a selfie.

Dr Dan Mitchard from Cardiff University’s excitingly-named Lightning Lab explains why there's no lightning at the poles, and the presenters lament that polar bears and penguins are missing out.

We all know about the gods of lightning, but the mysticism doesn't stop there. Above cloud level there are many other types of unusually-named phenomena, reaching to the edge of space, including sprites, trolls and even pixies. 

And Professor Karen Aplin reveals that lightning has even been discovered on other planets, in a science story that could affect our plans to colonise Mars. 

Contributors:

Dr Daniel Mitchard, Lightning Laboratory, Cardiff University
Professor Karen Aplin, University of Bristol

Producer: Marijke Peters
Executive Producer: Alexandra Feachem
A BBC Studios Audio Production

6. The Shock Factor

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