Summary of Fintan O'Toole's Heroic Failure

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#1 Brexit makes sense for a nation that feels sorry for itself. The more highly we think of ourselves, the sorrier we feel for ourselves when we do not get what we know we deserve. Self-pity is the only emotion that can bring these two things together.

#2 The British were entitled to a national grudge after they had been on the winning side in the two great twentieth-century wars, and they had suffered economic stagnation. They had lost their empire, become bankrupt, and had their pretensions as a world power brutally exposed in the Suez Crisis of 1956.

#3 When the six countries of the Iron and Steel Community met at Messina on 7 November 1955, Britain was invited to join them. It sent a minor official, Russell Bretherton, under-secretary of the Board of Trade. He delivered his verdict: the future treaty had no chance of being agreed, and if it was agreed it would have no chance of being ratified.

#4 The English Kingdom of Europe did not come into being. The country was not superior morally or culturally, and yet it still felt it was superior. Brexit was meant to resolve this conflict by fusing these two contradictory moods into a single emotion: the pleasurable self-pity in which one can feel both horribly hard done by and exceptionally grand.

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