Summary of Francis Fukuyama's Identity

Please note: This is a companion version & not the original book. Book Preview:

#1 Between the mid-2000s and the mid-2010s, the momentum toward an increasingly open and liberal world order began to falter, then went into reverse. This shift coincided with two financial crises, the first originating in the U. S. subprime market in 2008 that led to the Great Recession, and the second emerging over the threat to the euro and the European Union posed by Greece’s insolvency.

#2 The left has shifted away from focusing on economic equality and has instead focused on promoting the interests of a variety of groups that are perceived as being marginalized. The right, meanwhile, is redefining itself as patriots who seek to protect traditional national identity.

#3 The politics of resentment is not just found in authoritarian countries, but in democratic as well. Resentment among Putin’s supporters over the arrogance and contempt of Western elites is similar to that experienced by rural voters in the United States who felt that the urban bicoastal elites were ignoring them and their problems.

#4 Identity politics is the process by which a group, whether it is a great power such as Russia or China or voters in the United States or Britain, believes that it has an identity that is not being given adequate recognition by the outside world or by other members of the same society.

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