Organocatalysis: Principles and Applications of Organocatalysts

Organocatalysis is a branch of catalysis that involves small organic molecules to accelerate chemical reactions. Unlike traditional catalysts that often rely on metals, organocatalysts are typically composed of non-metallic elements such as carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and phosphorus. The term "organocatalysis" was popularized in the early 2000s, but the concept itself dates back over a century. However, it was not until the groundbreaking work of scientists like Benjamin List and David MacMillan that the field gained significant recognition, eventually earning them the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2021. Their pioneering studies demonstrated how simple organic molecules could catalyze key reactions with remarkable efficiency and selectivity.

Organocatalysts are typically divided into various classes based on their mode of action. These include covalent organocatalysts, such as those involved in enamine and iminium catalysis, and non-covalent organocatalysts, which use hydrogen bonding or ionic interactions to influence chemical reactivity. Some catalysts even combine these approaches in what is known as bifunctional catalysis. Regardless of the mechanism, organocatalysts offer a range of benefits, such as operational simplicity, environmental friendliness, and a lower risk of metal contamination in the final product—an especially important factor in pharmaceutical manufacturing.

One of the most appealing advantages of organocatalysis is its alignment with the principles of green chemistry. Because organocatalysts often operate under mild conditions and can be designed to be highly selective, they reduce the need for excessive reagents and minimize waste. Additionally, the fact that these catalysts are typically non-toxic and biodegradable enhances their appeal in sustainable synthesis.

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Buku audio : 25 April 2025