Summary of Peniel E. Joseph's The Sword and the Shield

Please note: This is a companion version & not the original book.

#1 Following the deportation of Marcus Garvey, the Black Star Line, and the Great Migration, black nationalism did not so much decline as it transformed into diminished versions of the movement.

#2 Earl and Louise’s shared love for social justice drew them to an itinerant lifestyle that was only predictable by the frequency of childbirth and relocation. Their political activism in parts of the Midwest attracted threats from local white supremacist groups, which forced the family to flee.

#3 After Earl’s death, Malcolm tried to re-create the family structure he had lost. He had a natural affinity for reading, debating, and social engagement, and he was touted as a charismatic leader at a young age.

#4 In 1941, Malcolm moved in with his half sister, Ella Mae Collins, in Boston. He began to rebel against the conventions of black and white middle-class ambitions. He didn’t want to work a dead-end job, and he didn’t want to join the military. He wanted to enjoy a life constrained by Jim Crow to the fullest.

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